Unit 3: Ecology, Data Analysis, Climate Change and Alternative Energy
Homework Notes: - Read and color the handout following the instructions in the handout - Take notes that define and provide examples of the following: - Niche -Primary Consumer -Secondary Consumer -Tertiary Consumer -Decomposer - Cut out and glue the colored sheets and complete notes in your notebook. Ecology Quiz 5/15 Study Guide: 1) Match the vocabulary to the proper definition 2) Short answer: Explain and provide an example to illustrate how density dependent and density independent limitations work on population growth and limit the carrying capacity of a habitat. 3) Short answer: Provide an example that illustrates competition, predation, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. 4)Be able to read and properly label a food web and energy pyramid with decomposers, producers, primary, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers. 5) Essay question- explain and provide examples of how understanding ecological relationships and interpreting data can help scientists recognize patterns, predict problems and propose solutions. Ecosystem= Biotic+Abiotic factors
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Vocabulary 4/30
Ecology- is the study of how living things relate to each other and to their environment Biosphere- that part of the earth inhabited by living organisms, including land, ocean and the atmosphere in which life can exist. Biome- A large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region.Terrestrial biomes are typically defined by their climate and dominant vegetation. Ecosystem- a community of living organisms interacting with one another and their non-living environment within a particular area. Biotic factors- are all of the living organisms within an ecosystem. These may be plants, animals, fungi, and any other living things. Abiotic factors- are all of the non-living things in an ecosystem. Biotic community- the group of organisms that live together and interact with each other within an environment or habitat. Population- all of the individuals of the same species within an ecological community that interact regularly. Population Density-How close together the individuals of a species are. Population dispertion- how much space the individuals in a population need to thrive. Geographic Range- the limits, or bounds, established by the physical limits that the species can tolerate, such as temperature or aridity, and by the encroachment of other species. Carrying Capacity- The number of individuals that a habitat can sustain with the resources it has available Fecundity- how many offspring an individual can have over a lifespan Density Dependent Limitations- factors that inhibit the growth of populations because of environmental stress caused by population size. Density Independent Limitations- factors unrelated to population that cause collapse, usually large or small events. Niche-The specific place an organism occupies in an environment and the role it occupies within it. Food web- the complex network of feeding relationships and energy flow within a system. Autotroph- an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.“Creates own food” Heterotroph- An organism deriving its nutritional requirements from other complex organic substances.“Must eat” Producer- the first trophic level of organisms in a community that obtain their food by synthesizing it from inorganic matter through photosynthesis Primary Consumer- -the second trophic level within a community which use producers as food Secondary Consumer- The third trophic level in an organism which consumes primary consumers they can be both carnivores and omnivores Tertiary Consumer- The highest trophic level in a community, they are the top of the food chain, usually carnivores Decomposer- The trophic level in a community that consumes the remains of animals and plants and are critical to elemental cycles in the soil. Competition- is an interaction between organisms or species in which both the organisms or species are harmed. Predation- one organism kills and consumes another, providing energy to prolong the life and promote the reproduction of the organism that does the killing to the detriment of the organism being consumed. Predator Adaptations- Genetically-determined traits that improve an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce will be passed on to its offspring. Aposematic coloration- a prey survival tactic that helps prevent predation by signaling to potential predators that the vividly-colored individual is toxic. Batesian mimicry- a prey survival tactic in which prey have evolved patterns and colors that mimic those of toxic species. Symbiosis - Classifying types of relationships between organisms of different species in which predation does not occur Parasitism- an individual organism, the parasite, consumes nutrients from another organism, its host, resulting in a decrease in fitness to the host. Commensalism- One organism benefits from the relationship while the other species involved neither benefits nor is harmed. The benefits for one organism can be in a variety of forms, including food, shelter, transportation and seed dispersal. Mutualism- The relationship between two species of organisms in which both benefit from the association |